Florida coastal condominium and multifamily buildings

Multifamily loans for Florida apartment properties.

Buying or refinancing a property with five or more units? Bennett Capital Partners Mortgage Brokers helps compare multifamily loan options around the unit count, actual income, property condition and your ownership plan, with a clear view of proceeds and repayment terms.

What is multifamily financing?

Multifamily financing is real estate debt used to purchase, refinance, or improve a property with multiple residential units. Two-to-four-unit residential loans use a different financing review from commercial apartment mortgages. Apartment properties with five or more units generally require a commercial review focused on property operations, value, condition, and the borrower’s financial strength.

A stabilized acquisition

Evaluate collected rents, expenses, occupancy, and long-term debt capacity.

A value-add property

Match renovation and leasing needs to the loan’s funding and exit requirements.

A maturing loan

Compare refinance proceeds, payoff, reserves, and any cash shortfall early.

Multifamily loan requirements.

Operating income

Actual collections, vacancy, concessions, expenses, and lender adjustments.

Loan sizing

DSCR, loan-to-value, debt yield, and any program-specific constraints.

Property condition

Deferred maintenance, capital repairs, environmental review, and insurance.

Sponsor and plan

Liquidity, experience, ownership, guarantees, and a realistic repayment strategy.

Match the loan to the property’s stage.

Permanent financing

Compare eligible bank and agency channels through available lending partners.

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Bridge financing

Review short-term funding, capital work, leasing milestones, and the takeout plan.

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Residential investor loan

Two-to-four-unit rentals may fit a different mortgage category.

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Owner-occupied two-to-four-unit purchase

A home you will occupy needs an appropriate residential loan review.

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Explore apartment financing by transaction

Multifamily Refinance Loans

Review maturity, cash-out, existing payoff and the cash flow needed for replacement financing.

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Multifamily Bridge and Rehabilitation Loans

Plan renovation draws, lease-up milestones, carry reserves and the permanent-financing exit.

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Small-Balance Multifamily Loans

Compare smaller apartment loans with attention to minimum loan size, transaction costs and property cash flow.

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Size the debt around income, value, and the business plan.

A property can satisfy one loan measure and still be limited by another. Review the numbers together. For background, see our guide to multifamily mortgages.

Which multifamily loan category fits?

Count the legally recognized units and confirm actual use. A duplex is different from a five-unit apartment building, and a property with storefronts may need a mixed-use review. Then establish whether the property is stabilized or needs work before long-term financing.

Financing by property plan
SituationPath to evaluateImportant question
Two-to-four-unit rentalResidential investor or eligible conventional programHow are borrower income and rental income evaluated?
Stabilized apartment propertyBank or agency financing through eligible partnersDoes current income support the requested loan?
Renovation or lease-upBridge or other transitional financingHow are repairs funded and what supports the exit?
New developmentConstruction financingAre approvals, budget, equity, and completion requirements established?

Reference: Fannie Mae multifamily small-loan property eligibility. Its published small-loan terms cover existing, stabilized properties with five or more units, loans up to $9 million, maximum 80% LTV and minimum 1.25x DSCR. These are program benchmarks, not a quote or a guarantee of maximum proceeds. Requirements are checked for the selected transaction.

Bennett Capital Partners acts as a mortgage broker. Access to a particular capital source depends on the property, borrower, location, and available lending partners; we do not represent ourselves as a direct agency lender.

Compare multifamily financing sources
Source or categoryWhere to investigate fitKey trade-off
Bank or credit unionAn acquisition or refinance that fits the institution’s property and borrower criteria.Compare recourse, amortization, maturity and relationship requirements.
Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac multifamilyEligible apartment properties through an approved lender channel.Confirm property eligibility, stabilization and prepayment structure.
HUD/FHA multifamilyAn eligible project under the specific multifamily program.Review the program process, required reports and transaction timeline.
Private bridge capitalA property needing renovation, lease-up or another defined transition.Understand draw funding, carry costs, maturity and the permanent-financing exit.
CMBS / conduit financingAn eligible commercial apartment acquisition or refinance.Compare servicing arrangements, prepayment provisions and consent requirements over the ownership period.
Life insurance companyLong-term apartment financing that fits the insurer’s investment criteria.Confirm loan-size, property, leverage and term requirements with the available source.
Residential financingEligible properties with two to four units.Use the residential borrower and property rules, not a five-plus-unit apartment assumption.

This comparison describes financing categories, not a commitment that Bennett Capital Partners can place every program or property. We first establish which available lending sources fit your request.

Could you assume the seller’s existing agency loan?

Ask before replacing the debt. Fannie Mae’s small-loan term sheet says nonrecourse loans are typically assumable, subject to review and approval of the new borrower’s financial capacity and experience. Compare the remaining balance, maturity, rate, assumption costs and equity needed with a new loan. Transfer approval is not automatic.

Buying a five-to-ten-unit building?

Start with our small-balance multifamily review. Confirm the lender’s unit limit, minimum loan amount and rent-versus-NOI underwriting method. Do not carry a two-to-four-unit DSCR assumption into a five-plus-unit request.

Build net operating income from actual collections.

Start with collected income, not the seller’s asking rents. Net operating income (NOI) subtracts property operating expenses from effective revenue, before debt service.

An illustrative annual operating statement

Scheduled rent and other revenue
$240,000
Vacancy, concessions and collection loss
− $18,000
Effective gross income
$222,000
Operating expenses
− $92,000
Net operating income
$130,000

NOI is not always the final underwriting figure.

The lender may adjust vacancy, management fees, taxes, insurance and repairs. Underwritten net cash flow (NCF) may also deduct replacement reserves from NOI. Confirm the income measure used for each ratio and avoid deducting reserves twice.

For example, the Fannie Mae underwriting guide distinguishes NOI from NCF after replacement reserves. Keep replacement reserves separate from repair escrows and tax-and-insurance escrows. Major capital work and cash required at closing need their own budget.

Check the Florida expenses that can change proceeds.

  • Insurance: obtain current property, wind and flood quotes where applicable, including deductibles and lender coverage requirements.
  • Property taxes: evaluate the tax outlook after acquisition instead of carrying forward the seller’s bill unchanged.
  • Repairs and legal use: confirm recognized units, permits, deferred maintenance and any assessments affecting the operating plan.

All figures below are simplified illustrations, not an appraisal, rate quote or financing offer.

The lowest applicable loan limit controls.

A property can meet the requested loan-to-value and still fail a cash-flow test. Compare debt-service coverage ratio (DSCR), loan-to-value (LTV) and any debt-yield requirement together.

Illustrative assumptions: $2 million accepted value; $130,000 of lender-accepted annual cash flow, after any reserve deduction the program applies, for these calculations; a 75% LTV cap; 1.25 minimum DSCR; 9% minimum debt yield; and an 8% annual debt constant. The debt constant is annual debt service divided by loan amount, not the interest rate. Actual programs may use different income measures and limits.

Three tests, three possible maximum loan amounts
TestIllustrative calculationLoan limit
LTV$2,000,000 × 75%$1,500,000
DSCR$130,000 ÷ 1.25 ÷ 8%$1,300,000
Debt yield$130,000 ÷ 9%About $1,444,444

In this example, cash flow limits the loan to $1.3 million.

On a $2 million purchase, that leaves $700,000 of purchase equity, plus closing costs, reserves and repairs. If accepted cash flow falls to $110,000 with the same assumptions, the DSCR limit falls to $1.1 million, requiring another $200,000 of purchase equity.

For a refinance, subtract the existing payoff, closing costs and required escrows from the proposed loan to estimate net proceeds or additional cash needed. A higher property value alone does not guarantee cash out. Use our commercial mortgage calculator to explore payment scenarios, then confirm the lender’s underwriting assumptions.

Test your property’s loan-sizing assumptions

Enter annual underwritten cash flow after applicable reserve deductions. These are adjustable assumptions, not lender requirements or a rate quote. The debt constant includes annual debt service relative to the loan amount; it is not the interest rate.

Illustrative maximum: $1,300,000. DSCR controls.

LTV limit: $1,500,000. DSCR limit: $1,300,000. Debt-yield limit: $1,444,444.

Equity gap: $700,000 if the purchase price equals the accepted value, plus closing costs, reserves and repairs.

Your lender may apply other limits or different income definitions. If the purchase price differs from value, subtract the loan from your actual price to estimate purchase equity. Numbers are rounded for display.

Two-to-four-unit DSCR is a different calculation.

Compare the income and payment definitions before interpreting a coverage ratio.

Residential rental programs

A residential DSCR loan may compare qualifying monthly rent with principal, interest, taxes, insurance and association dues (PITIA). Confirm eligible rent and the payment calculation.

Five-plus-unit apartments

Commercial underwriting generally compares annual underwritten NOI or NCF with annual debt service. Confirm reserve deductions and the lender’s stress assumptions before comparing offers.

For more detail, read our Fannie Mae multifamily financing guide. The residential and commercial ratios are not interchangeable.

Illustrative Florida condominium terrace overlooking coastal water
Evaluate income, expenses and reserves before choosing the loan.

Compare the cost of holding and exiting the loan.

A loan’s amortization period and maturity date can differ. Payments calculated over a long period may still leave a balloon balance due after a shorter loan term. Review the maturity date alongside the expected hold and renovation timeline.

Apartment loan terms that deserve a written comparison
TermWhat to ask
Rate structureFixed or floating, index and spread where applicable, rate floor, and lock conditions.
RecourseGuarantees, liability exceptions, and any continuing obligations.
PrepaymentStep-down charges, yield maintenance, defeasance, or other exit costs.
Capital reservesRepair escrows, replacement reserves, leasing requirements, and release conditions.
Bridge exitStabilization targets, extension rights, fees, and the expected permanent loan requirements.

A projected refinance is a plan, not a commitment from a future lender. Test a weaker rent outcome, a larger repair budget, and a delayed stabilization date before selecting maximum leverage.

Show how the property operates and what will change.

Prepare a current rent roll, trailing 12-month operating statement (T12), available prior-year financials, lease details, current mortgage information and the ownership structure. Additional operating history may be requested. If the plan includes renovations, provide a scope, budget, timeline, and assumptions for future rents. Separate existing performance from projections.

The sponsor’s liquidity and experience help explain how the plan will be executed. Identify management responsibilities, required equity, and any significant lease or expense changes. Commercial mortgage options provide broader context for mixed-use and other income-producing property.

Bennett Capital Partners reviews Florida apartment transactions through available lending partners. Request a multifamily financing review with the address, unit count, NOI, requested loan, and target date.

Bennett Capital Partners Mortgage Brokers, NMLS 2046862. Not a commitment to lend. All loans are subject to credit and property approval. Programs, terms, and eligibility are subject to change and borrower and property qualification.

Prepare the rent roll and operating history.

A clear property package is more useful than an unsupported target loan amount.

Start My Review
  • Address, legal unit count, occupancy, and property type
  • Dated rent roll, leases, T12 and available prior-year operating statements
  • Purchase contract or existing loan and maturity details
  • Repair scope, budget, and timeline where relevant
  • Sponsor ownership, experience, personal financial statement and real estate schedule
  • Insurance, tax, and available property-condition information

From the initial review through underwriting.

We help compare lending sources and coordinate your submission. The lender makes the final credit and property decision.

  1. 01

    Understand the property

    Review units, current operations, condition, and the investment plan.

  2. 02

    Evaluate debt capacity

    Compare cash flow, value, leverage, and likely lender constraints.

  3. 03

    Compare capital sources

    Assess costs, maturity, guarantees, prepayment, and reserves.

  4. 04

    Coordinate due diligence

    Coordinate lender-required appraisal, environmental and property-condition reports, entity documents and closing.

Philip Bennett, founder of Bennett Capital Partners Mortgage Brokers

Talk through the full scenario.

Compare available lending sources and prepare the borrower and property information needed for underwriting.

Philip Bennett, MBAFounder, Bennett Capital Partners Mortgage Brokers
NMLS 1098318 · Miami, Florida
Discuss My Scenario

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Multifamily Financing FAQ

What is the difference between a multifamily loan and a residential mortgage?

Two-to-four-unit properties may qualify through residential programs. Apartment properties with five or more units generally use commercial financing, where property income, value, condition, and sponsor strength drive the review.

What DSCR is required for an apartment loan?

The requirement varies by lender, property, and program. Commercial DSCR generally divides underwritten annual NOI by annual debt service. A ratio from the seller’s projection may differ from the lender’s result.

How much down payment is required?

Required equity depends on loan sizing, property income, value, condition, program, and borrower strength. Closing costs and reserves may require additional cash. A loan can be constrained by cash flow even when the requested LTV appears acceptable.

Can I use projected rents to qualify?

Some transitional programs consider a documented business plan, while permanent loans usually place significant weight on established operations. The lender determines what income it will accept and what must occur before additional funds or a refinance.

Can I refinance and take cash out?

Potentially, subject to current income, value, leverage, existing debt, and program rules. Estimate usable proceeds after the payoff, costs, and required escrows or reserves, not from the gross loan alone.

Are multifamily loans nonrecourse?

Some programs may offer nonrecourse terms, but guarantees, liability exceptions, and other obligations require careful review. Entity ownership alone does not make a loan nonrecourse.

What happens at a balloon maturity?

The remaining balance becomes due under the loan terms. Repayment may require available cash, a sale, or an eligible refinance. A future refinance or extension is not guaranteed.

What costs should I budget for an apartment loan?

Request lender and broker charges, appraisal and other report costs, legal and settlement expenses, and required escrows or reserves. For a refinance, also review existing payoff and prepayment charges. The net proceeds can be materially different from the gross loan.

Is a Fannie Mae multifamily loan the same as a conventional home mortgage?

No. Fannie Mae’s multifamily business finances eligible apartment properties through its lender network. A conventional residential mortgage uses a separate framework, including eligible two-to-four-unit properties. Confirm the actual property category and lender channel.

Continue with related financing guides.

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Duplex, Triplex and Fourplex Loans in Florida

Compare owner-occupied and investment financing for two-to-four-unit residential properties.

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Multifamily Refinance Loans

Review maturity planning, debt replacement and potential cash-out based on property operations, value and lender requirements.

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Multifamily Bridge and Rehabilitation Loans

Evaluate a transitional apartment property, rehabilitation plan, lease-up assumptions, reserves and permanent-financing exit.

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Small-Balance Multifamily Loans

Compare smaller apartment-financing scenarios with attention to unit count, operating income and lender-specific program definitions.

View the brief

Commercial Mortgages

Start with the commercial financing hub to identify the property, loan purpose and documentation needed for a review.

View the brief

All loan programs

Browse financing by the property, income documentation and transaction.

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PLAN YOUR SCENARIO

Put the numbers in context.

Explore an estimate before your financing review. Calculator results are planning tools, not loan approvals.

Your next step

Put the apartment financing plan on solid numbers.

Share the rent roll, property details, requested loan, and your timing.